12 Aug Delivery and Receiving Operations – JSA

Delivery and Receiving Operations Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Job / Task

Receiving, inspecting, unloading, moving, staging, storing, and documenting deliveries of tools, equipment, materials, supplies, and other items at construction sites, shops, warehouses, yards, and other work locations.

Purpose

This Job Safety Analysis (JSA), also known as a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), identifies hazards associated with delivery and receiving operations and establishes safe work practices and controls to prevent struck-by, caught-between, crushing, falling-object, vehicle, equipment, material-handling, and slip, trip, and fall injuries.

Personnel Qualifications

Employees shall be trained and authorized for the delivery and receiving activities and for any powered or specialized material-handling equipment they operate.

Employees shall:

• Understand site delivery procedures, traffic routes, receiving locations, and restricted areas.
• Operate forklifts, pallet jacks, cranes, hoists, or other powered equipment only when trained and authorized as required.
• Inspect material-handling equipment, rigging, ramps, dock plates, and other receiving equipment before use.
• Maintain communication with drivers, operators, spotters, and other employees involved in the delivery.
• Remain clear of vehicle blind spots, suspended loads, pinch points, and crush zones.
• Use proper manual material-handling practices and obtain assistance when required.
• Inspect incoming materials for visible damage, instability, leakage, or other hazards before handling.
• Stop work when an unsafe or unexpected condition is identified.

Required PPE

PPE shall be selected based on the delivery, materials, equipment, and work environment and may include:

• Safety glasses with side protection.
• Safety footwear with appropriate toe protection and slip-resistant soles.
• Work gloves appropriate for the materials being handled.
• Hard hat where overhead, crane, rigging, or falling-object hazards exist.
• High-visibility apparel where vehicles, forklifts, or mobile equipment are present.
• Hearing protection where noise exposure requires it.
• Chemical-resistant PPE when damaged or leaking containers involve hazardous substances.
• Fall protection where required by the work condition.
• Additional PPE required by the material, equipment, or worksite.

PPE does not replace traffic controls, exclusion zones, vehicle securement, equipment inspections, safe material-handling practices, or other required protective measures.

 JSA – Job Steps, Hazards, and Controls

Step 1 – Plan and Coordinate the Delivery

Potential Hazards

• Unexpected vehicle arrival.
• Congested receiving area.
• Wrong unloading equipment.
• Conflicting work activities.
• Poor communication.

Required Controls

• Confirm the delivery location, anticipated materials, vehicle type, and unloading requirements when practical.
• Identify a suitable receiving and staging area before the vehicle arrives.
• Coordinate deliveries with affected employees and contractors.
• Ensure required unloading equipment and trained personnel are available.
• Identify traffic, overhead utility, ground-condition, and access hazards.

Step 2 – Prepare the Receiving Area

Potential Hazards

• Pedestrian exposure.
• Vehicle collisions.
• Uneven or unstable ground.
• Obstructed access.
• Poor visibility.

Required Controls

• Keep the receiving area clear of unnecessary personnel, vehicles, tools, and materials.
• Verify the surface is firm, stable, and suitable for the delivery vehicle and unloading equipment.
• Establish pedestrian and vehicle separation where practical.
• Use cones, barricades, signs, or other controls as needed.
• Provide adequate lighting and maintain clear emergency access.

Step 3 – Direct the Delivery Vehicle into Position

Potential Hazards

• Backing incidents.
• Struck-by injuries.
• Blind spots.
• Collision with structures or equipment.
• Contact with overhead power lines.

Required Controls

• Use designated traffic routes and receiving locations.
• Keep personnel out of the vehicle’s path and blind spots.
• Use a spotter when the driver cannot safely see the travel path, clearances, or receiving area.
• Maintain clear communication between the driver and spotter.
• Maintain required clearance from overhead power lines and other obstructions.
• Do not stand between a moving vehicle and a fixed object.

Step 4 – Secure the Vehicle Before Unloading

Potential Hazards

• Unexpected vehicle movement.
• Trailer movement.
• Caught-between injuries.
• Unstable trailer.
• Dock separation.

Required Controls

• Verify the vehicle is stopped and properly positioned before unloading begins.
• Set the parking brake and secure the vehicle as required by the operation or site.
• Use wheel chocks, dock restraints, or other vehicle-restraint systems where required.
• Verify disconnected trailers are properly supported.
• Do not begin unloading until the driver and receiving personnel understand that movement is prohibited.

Step 5 – Inspect the Shipment Before Handling

Potential Hazards

• Shifted or unstable loads.
• Falling materials.
• Damaged packaging.
• Leaking containers.
• Sharp or protruding objects.

Required Controls

• Inspect the load from a safe position before releasing restraints or opening doors.
• Look for leaning, shifted, broken, leaking, or damaged materials.
• Stand clear when opening trailer doors or gates because materials may have shifted during transport.
• Do not handle leaking or unidentified hazardous materials until appropriate procedures and controls are established.
• Report significant shipment damage or unsafe conditions before unloading.

Step 6 – Release Load Securement

Potential Hazards

• Stored tension in straps, chains, or binders.
• Unexpected load shift.
• Falling materials.
• Pinch points.
• Cuts or struck-by injuries.

Required Controls

• Release load restraints cautiously and in a controlled sequence.
• Remain outside the potential recoil path of straps, chains, binders, and other tensioned devices.
• Do not remove restraints supporting an unstable load until additional controls are provided.
• Use appropriate tools and gloves.
• Keep unnecessary personnel clear during securement removal.

Step 7 – Set Up Ramps, Dock Plates, or Unloading Equipment

Potential Hazards

• Equipment movement.
• Falls.
• Pinch points.
• Insufficient capacity.
• Ramp or dock-plate failure.

Required Controls

• Inspect ramps, dock plates, lift gates, and unloading equipment before use.
• Verify rated capacity is adequate for the intended load and equipment.
• Secure ramps and dock plates against displacement.
• Keep hands and feet clear during setup.
• Do not use damaged or unstable equipment.
• Maintain edge protection or fall protection where required.

Step 8 – Unload with a Forklift or Other Powered Equipment

Potential Hazards

• Struck-by or caught-between injuries.
• Falling load.
• Equipment tip-over.
• Trailer movement.
• Dock or trailer edge falls.
• Overloaded equipment.

Required Controls

• Only trained and authorized operators may use powered industrial trucks or similar equipment.
• Perform required pre-use inspections.
• Verify equipment capacity and load stability.
• Keep pedestrians outside the operating zone.
• Travel at a controlled speed and maintain clear visibility.
• Verify trailer floors, ramps, and dock plates can safely support the equipment and load.
• Do not allow personnel beneath elevated forks or loads.

Step 9 – Unload with a Crane, Hoist, or Rigging

Potential Hazards

• Dropped or swinging loads.
• Rigging failure.
• Crushing injuries.
• Equipment overload.
• Overhead electrical contact.

Required Controls

• Use trained, qualified, or certified personnel as required.
• Inspect rigging and lifting equipment before use.
• Verify load weight, equipment capacity, and rigging configuration.
• Establish an exclusion zone around suspended loads.
• Never stand or pass beneath a suspended load.
• Use tag lines when appropriate and safe.
• Maintain required clearance from overhead power lines.

Step 10 – Manually Receive and Move Materials

Potential Hazards

• Strains and sprains.
• Cuts and punctures.
• Dropped materials.
• Pinch and crush injuries.
• Slips and trips.

Required Controls

• Evaluate the load before lifting or carrying.
• Use mechanical assistance whenever practical.
• Use team lifting for heavy, long, bulky, or awkward materials.
• Maintain stable footing and a clear travel path.
• Keep the load close to the body and avoid twisting.
• Keep hands and feet clear of pinch and crush points.
• Do not attempt to catch a falling load.

Step 11 – Stage and Store Received Materials

Potential Hazards

• Unstable stacks.
• Falling or rolling materials.
• Blocked aisles or exits.
• Material damage.
• Manual handling injuries.

Required Controls

• Place received materials in designated staging or storage areas.
• Stack, block, chock, interlock, or secure materials to prevent sliding, rolling, falling, or collapse.
• Do not exceed rack, shelf, or storage-system capacities.
• Keep aisles, exits, stairs, fire equipment, electrical panels, and emergency access clear.
• Separate incompatible, hazardous, or special-storage materials as required.

Step 12 – Inspect and Document Received Materials

Potential Hazards

• Handling damaged items.
• Exposure to leaking containers.
• Distraction around moving equipment.
• Incorrect acceptance of damaged materials.

Required Controls

• Complete inspection and documentation from a safe location away from active equipment movement.
• Record visible damage, shortages, discrepancies, or rejected materials as required.
• Label or segregate damaged or questionable materials to prevent unintended use.
• Follow applicable hazardous-material procedures for damaged chemical containers.
• Do not remain in active unloading zones to complete paperwork unless adequately protected.

Step 13 – Complete the Delivery and Release the Vehicle

Potential Hazards

• Personnel or equipment remaining near vehicle.
• Unsecured doors or equipment.
• Vehicle collision during departure.
• Debris left in receiving area.

Required Controls

• Verify unloading is complete and all personnel and equipment are clear of the vehicle.
• Secure trailer doors, gates, lift gates, and other components as applicable.
• Remove chocks or restraints only when the driver is ready and authorized to depart.
• Communicate clearance to the driver before movement.
• Maintain traffic controls during departure.
• Remove debris and restore the receiving area to a safe condition.

General Safe Work Requirements

• Delivery and receiving activities shall be coordinated to minimize interaction between pedestrians, vehicles, and material-handling equipment.
• Keep unauthorized personnel outside active unloading and receiving zones.
• Never stand beneath suspended loads or between moving equipment or vehicles and fixed objects.
• Inspect loads for shifting, instability, damage, or leakage before removing restraints or beginning unloading.
• Use mechanical material-handling equipment whenever practical to reduce manual lifting.
• Maintain clear access to exits, fire protection equipment, electrical panels, and emergency equipment.
• Store received materials in a stable and secure manner.
• Maintain housekeeping throughout receiving operations and promptly remove packaging, banding, pallets, and debris.
• Stop work when a load is unstable, equipment is defective, communication is lost, or conditions cannot be safely controlled.

Training

Employees shall receive training appropriate to their assigned delivery and receiving duties. Training shall include vehicle and pedestrian awareness, receiving-area controls, load stability, manual material handling, load securement, material storage, communication and spotter procedures, damaged or leaking materials, emergency procedures, and required PPE. Forklift operators, crane operators, riggers, signal persons, and other specialized personnel shall meet applicable training, qualification, certification, or authorization requirements.

References

• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.176 – Handling Materials – General.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.178 – Powered Industrial Trucks.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.21 – Safety Training and Education.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.250 – General Requirements for Storage.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.251 – Rigging Equipment for Material Handling.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction.

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